Clinical Articles

The role of botulinum toxin type A in pain management

Dr Jie Xiu·
Botulinum toxin is the most lethal substance known to humankind being 100 billion times more toxic than cyanide. It was first discovered by German physician and poet Justinus Kerner during an outbreak of botulinum in Germany due to spoiled sausages. He went on to conduct clinical experiments on himself to develop treatment and preventative measures. Read More...
Clinical Articles
·3 mins read·

Opioid and benzodiazepine prescribing in chronic pain

Dr Chris Martin·
The management of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) remains a significant challenge in healthcare. While opioids are often considered for pain relief, their use requires careful consideration due to potential risks, side effects and potential harm. This article explores best practices in opioid use for CNCP, the risks associated with co-prescription of benzodiazepines, and the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach to pain management. Read More...
Clinical Articles
·3 mins read·

Interventional pain management for knee osteoarthritis

Dr Reza Feizerfan·
Knee pain manifests through various aetiologies, including injuries to cartilage, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and bones, as well as inflammatory conditions such as bursitis, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis. Some of other contributing factors may include patellofemoral pain syndrome, Osgood-Schlatter disease, cancer, or referred pain from the hip joint or lumbar spine. Read More...
Clinical Articles
·3 mins read·

Managing addictions differently

Dr George O’Neil·
Stress causes release responses of adrenaline, noradrenaline, endogenous opioids, endogenous cannabinoids and endogenous benzodiazepines. Recurrent stress is known to cause damage at the various related receptors causing anxiety, depression, hypertension, disturbance of the HPA axis, and addiction. Read More...
Clinical Articles
·2 mins read·